A child is a human being who is between birth and the time when they are fully grown. This may be any age at all, depending on the culture and society in question. In many English-speaking countries, the term is usually used to refer to anyone who is younger than the country’s “age of majority”. It may also be used to describe someone who has not yet undergone a major life event or rite of passage, such as becoming an adult after marriage.

Children are often eager to learn, but they have to be taught in a way that suits their abilities and interests. If you want your child to become a reader, for example, start by teaching them the alphabet and phonics, and then move on to teaching them how sounds go together to make words. It is important to be patient with your child and not give up if they seem to be struggling. Even if your child is not a natural reader, you can help them by making reading fun and rewarding.

Every child has the right to survive and develop in a healthy way. They have the right to a name, which is officially recorded and recognised by their government, as well as a nationality (belonging to a country). Children have the right not to be exploited or taken advantage of – for example, by people who force them to have sex for money. Governments should ensure that children are protected from sexual exploitation, whether by people or companies.

The best thing you can do to help a child is to give them lots of love and support. You should try to be fair with them, but if your child misbehaves, calmly and firmly tell them what will happen if they do not behave. For example, if your child keeps taking toys out of the toy box again and again, you could say, “If you do not pick up your toys, I will have to put them away for the rest of the day.” Make sure you follow through with this.

If you ever find a child who is choking, the Heimlich maneuver is very effective. This involves standing behind the person, holding their hands around their neck, and clenching their fists. Next, they should blow hard inwards and upwards into their mouth. Repeat until the object is dislodged. If your child is crying or shouting, you should first calm them down before trying the procedure.

Parents are the main people responsible for looking after their children, but if they do not have any, then other adults should take this responsibility. Governments should not take children from their families, except if it is for their own good and safety – for example, if they are being hurt or neglected. Every child has the right to be looked after properly by people who respect their religion, culture and language, even if these are not the child’s parents.